COPD—
What Is It?
Why is it so hard to catch my breath?
COPD is a disease that damages the lungs. In a healthy lung, the airways are open and the air sacs fill up with air. Then the air goes quickly out.
When you have COPD, it's hard to get air through the airways and into and out of the air sacs.
There are two main diseases with COPD:
- Chronic bronchitis—
The walls of the airways become inflamed, swell, and clog with mucus. This partly or completely blocks the airway, making it hard to move air in and out of the lungs.
Emphysema—
The walls of the tiny air sacs stretch out and break down inside. Your lungs become overinflated and the air gets trapped, making it hard to get in the next breath.
COPD may cause one or more of these signs or symptoms:
- Shortness of breath, especially with activity
- Cough
- Increase in mucus
- Having to clear your throat often
- Being very tired
What causes COPD?
Smoking is the most common cause of COPD. Other risk factors include family history, secondhand smoke, air pollution, and lung problems as a child.
What is an exacerbation (ig-zas-er-BAY-shun)?
Your symptoms get worse. This can last for a few days. You may need different medicines. You may need to go to the hospital.
Taking care of COPD every day
The damage to your airways and lungs can be permanent. But there are things you can do to feel better and slow the damage.
If you smoke, ask your doctor about a program to
help you quit smoking.
Exercise regularly (ask your doctor first what activities
are best for you).
Eat well and get enough rest.
Do not wait for a flare-up. Take your medicines as directed.
In general, avoid things that make your symptoms worse. Protect yourself from airway infections.
Use the Goal Checklist. Set goals that you are ready to reach.
- COPD Goal Checklist
- COPD Medicine Chart
- COPD Doctor Visits
- COPD Treatment Plan
- COPD Care Record
- Sticking with COPD Medicines